Most walls will have window or door openings or both.
Rcc retaining wall reinforcement details.
Counterfort retaining wall rcc.
Based on our example in figure a 1 we have the forces due to soil pressure due to water and surcharge load to consider.
In case of masonry retaining wall the thickness of wall increases with height because masonry resists the lateral pressure by its weight.
Thus it is also called gravity retaining wall.
Details of wall mm cf 3 h 7 8.
Counterfort retaining wall rcc buttress wall rcc 3.
Window and door headers also known as lintels can be subjected to significant bending moment and shear forces depending on several factors.
Classification of retaining walls backfill backfill gravity rw.
Sketches of the retaining wall forces should be considered to properly distinguish the different forces acting on our retaining wall as tackled in the previous article retaining wall.
Meanwhile the height of earth to be retaining go beyond 5 meter the bending moment started in the stem heel and toe slabs are very large which gives rise to large thickness of structural elements and turns out to be pricy therefore counterfort type retaining wall is selected for larger heights.
Reinforcement is provided on earth.
M c c 400 mm.
Gravity retaining wall gl1 gl2 retaining walls are usually built to hold back soil mass.
M h1 7 m h 8 25 m.
Reinforced concrete cantilever types of retaining wall are recommended for heights up to 7 m.
This type of walls has vertical stem monolithic with the base.
The reinforced concrete retaining wall resists the lateral pressure by structural action such as bending and results in thinner section.
Provide enough development length.
Creating a wall opening in a reinforced concrete wall creates extra stress around that opening especially at the corners.
Counterfort retaining wall comprises of a stem toe slab and heel.
A slender section can be used in this retaining wall the tensile stresses within the stem and the base is resisted by steel reinforcement.
Reinforcement for wall openings.